SPANISH STUDENTS´ PRESENTATION ABOUT INVENTIONS IN CHEMISTRY AND MEDICINE
TEXT OF THE PRESENTATION
ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION is a medical procedure in which an organ is removed from one body and placed in the body of a recipient, to replace a damaged or missing organ. The donor and recipient may be at the same location, or organs may be transported from a donor site to another location.
Transplantation medicine is one of the most challenging and complex areas of modern medicine.
HISTORY
Successful human allotransplants have a relatively long history of operative skills that were present long before the necessities for post-operative survival were discovered. Rejection and the side effects of preventing rejection (especially infection and nephropathy) were, are, and may always be the key problem.
Several apocryphal accounts of transplants exist well prior to the scientific understanding and advancements that would be necessary for them to have actually occurred. The beginning of the XXth century brought the first successes in organ transplantation but it was not until the discovery of cyclosporine in 1970 that transplant surgery found a sufficiently powerful immunosuppressive.
The first lung transplant was made in 1963 by James Hardy in Jackson, Mississippi, (U.S.A.) with patient living 18 days; and the first heart transplant in 1967 by Christiaan Barnard of Cape Town, South Africa, with patient survived for eighteen days.
TYPES OF TRANSPLANTS
There are four basic types of transplants, which reflect the genetic relationship of the recipient to the donor. These are…
Autotransplantations or autografts: the transplant of tissue to the same person.
Isotransplant: a graft between genetically identical individuals.
Homotransplant or allograft: a graft of tissue taken from a donor of the same species as the recipient.
Heterotransplant or xenograft : A transplant of organs or tissue from one species to another.
PROS
You can save a life in danger.
It can be the cure of a disease.
The transplant won´t have marks of a previous disease.
With it you can perform genetic therapies, if necessary, to the patient.
The quality of life of patient can be improved.
CONS
Compatibility problems may arise.
They have a high cost.
Maybe you can’t find a transplant on time.
Possibility of an infection before the transplant.
Risk of cardiac arrest during the transplant.
RELEVANCE OF TRANSPLANTS IN SPAIN
In three years 30% more.
In 2017, the donors rate grew up to a 46,9 per million of inhabitants.
During 2017, every day, six people has donated their organs and 14 transplants have been made.
Because of this in 2017 5.259 transplants were made.
RELEVANCE OF TRANSPLANTS IN GALICIA
7585 transplants from Galicia since 1981 and the last year we made a new record with 340 transplants.
107.649 people have a donor card, from which something more than 4.000 were made during 2017, an increase of 37,6% comparing to previous years.
PROCESS OF A TRANSPLANT
1. Brain death of any doner.
2. Family consent.
3. Maintenance and evaluation of the organs.
4. Transplant.
5. Adaptation and recuperation.
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
SPANISH STUDENTS´ VIDEO ABOUT HOW AN SPANISH EXPEDITION WAS ABLE TO CARRY THE POX VACCINE TO AMERICA .
STUDENTS´ IMPRESSIONS
The trip to Turkey was, definitely the best trip I have had, both for the place as for the people I went with. The duration of the stay was five days, from Monday to Friday.
The first day we did the presentations of the projects of each country, our presentation was about transplants. We visited the school, and in the afternoon we went to the district of Kartal in Istambul.
On Tuesday, we went to Kadiköy, where we visited the Galata Tower, the Egyptian Bazaar and the Grand Bazaar.
On Wednesday, we presented our videos about the different types of illnesses, we talked about the vaccine of the smallpox, basing our work on the book “Os nenos da variola”. The best of that day was the Bosphorus boat trip in the evening.
Thursday was, for me the best day, when we visited the Blue Mosque and the Hagia Sophia.
And on the last day, Friday, we didn’t do anything special, we only evaluated the projects and went to Kartal to visit the Major. In the afternoon we went home early, to dress up for the farewell party. In the party we had so much fun, but when it finished we were so sad because on the next day we had to come back to Spain. We said goodbye to all our new friends and went home to sleep a bit. Next day, we got up early to arrive at the airport and take the plane back home.
Raquel (15 years)
Hi everyone¡
My name is Martín and I am going to tell you what my own experience in an Erasmus + meeting was. The place of this meeting was the marvellous, Turkish city of Istambul.
Those were six days full of emotions and sensations.
On the first day, we visited the Kartal High School (which was a participant in the project). We showed our presentations, like the rest of the countries, and we also went on a tour to know a bit about the city of Istambul.
On the second day we had to get up early because at 7 am we had to be at school for visiting one of the most importants buildings: The Galata Tower. After that, we headed for the Egyptian Bazaar and Great Bazaar.
On the morning of our third day, we continued with the presentations and then, we met the district Mayor. During the evening we went on a tour across the Bosphorus.
We visited a lot of buildings in the old city center, on our fourth day: Hagia Sophia, Blue Mosque, Topkapi Palace...
The next day was so relaxing because we only went to meet Kartal’s Mayor, in the Townhall of Kartal city. In the evening we made an evaluation of the meeting and, to finish this fantastic trip, we had a farewell dinner and party.
Personally, this was an amazing experience, and I think for my mates too¡